ERIES-ENFRAG

2023 - 2024

S

Seismic Eng.

Roberto Gentile

Riccardo R. Milanesi

Fatemeh Jalayer

Fabio Freddi

Kenneth Emilio Otárola Madrigal

Ludovica Pieroni

+6 more

GEM Taxonomy string

MUR+CLBLH/LFINF

2023 - 2024

S

Seismic Eng.

GEM Taxonomy string

MUR+CLBLH/LFINF

Enhancing state-dependent Fragility through experimentally validated Energy-Based Approaches

ERIES-ENFRAG

MASONRY STRUCTURES

Dataset Description

The ENFRAG project is taking as starting reference theresults of a study coming from a past experimental campaign conducted at Eucentre Foundation in 2021 which results of the in-plane and out-of-plane tests are freely shared in https://experiments.builtenvdata.eu/datasets/43/and presented by Morandi, P., Kurukulasuriya, M., Milanesi, R.R., Bolognini, D., Grottoli, L., Dacarro, F. and Magenes, G., 2025. Dynamic shaking table out-of-plane tests on weak masonry infills with and without previous in-plane loading. Journal of Building Engineering, 100, p.111670.

The present experimental campaign has focused on the application of different loading procedures to provide validated data to be compared with the tests of 2021 in order to study from an energetic point of view the seismic response of masonry infills subjected to in-plane cyclic and out-of-plane dyanamic loadings. The ERIES-ENFRAG experimental campaign has been conducted on three specimens previously tested in-plane and subsequently out-of-plane. Complementary tests to characterize the mechanical behaviour of the masonry have been performed to define the vertical, horizontal and diagonal compression resistance of the masonry, the initial shear strenght of the bed-joints and the flexural resistance of the masonry.

The experimental campaign of the ERIES-ENFRAG project was carried out at the EUCENTRE-IUSS Research infrastructure, within the framework of ERIES project (Engineering Research Infrastructures for European Synergies). ERIES is funded by the European Commission's Horizon Europe program, it is coordinated by the Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS in Pavia, has a budget of €11.6 million and has a four-year duration, from 2022 to 2026. ERIES aims to provide transnational access to advanced research infrastructures in structural, seismic, wind, and geotechnical engineering. The project seeks to enhance resilience against natural hazards such as earthquakes and extreme winds by fostering innovative and sustainable solutions to mitigate economic losses and social disruptions. Additionally, it develops new technical standards and methodologies to improve infrastructure safety and supports frontier research through international collaboration.

The ERIES network includes 13 partners from 8 countries across Europe and North America, such as the University of Bristol, the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (Portugal), and Western University (Canada).

Masonry infills

existing masonry

seismic response

shake table tests

dynamic response

in-plane/out-of-plane interaction

Specimens

1. ENFRAG-SP1

2

The infilled frames was constructed at full scale and has a net masonry panel dimension of 3.50 m in length and 2.75 m in height. The infill pane is plastered on one side with a thickness of approximately 10 mm and has been constructed in complete adherence (four boundary conditions) respect to the frame. The materials selected and the construction details adopted for the building of the specimen aims to represent an the existing construction during the period from the 1960s to the 1980s: masonry units are "12x25x25” hollowed clay (nominal thickness of 12 cm), with 3 rows of holes across the width and 5 rows of holes along the height, resulting in a perforation percentage of approximately 65% and a cementitious low quality mortar. The construction process and material selection replicate the one of the reference experimental campaign (Morandi et al., 2025).

1. In-plane cyclic tests

The tests have been conducted with incremental drifts. Each cycle has been performed without repetitions (1 cycle).

Instrumentation

The instruments used are:

• Accelerometers;

• Displacement transducers (potetiometers / Linear transducers)

2. Out-of-plane tests

The tests have been conducted at incremental PFA with the same accelerogram applied.

Instrumentation

The instruments used are:

• Accelerometers;

• Displacement transducers (potetiometers / Linear transducers)

• Optical acquisition system with infrared cameras was added to measure the displacements of markers positioned both on the panel and on the frame.

2. ENFRAG-SP2

2

The infilled frames was constructed at full scale and has a net masonry panel dimension of 3.50 m in length and 2.75 m in height. The infill pane is plastered on one side with a thickness of approximately 10 mm and has been constructed in complete adherence (four boundary conditions) respect to the frame. The materials selected and the construction details adopted for the building of the specimen aims to represent an the existing construction during the period from the 1960s to the 1980s: masonry units are "12x25x25” hollowed clay (nominal thickness of 12 cm), with 3 rows of holes across the width and 5 rows of holes along the height, resulting in a perforation percentage of approximately 65% and a cementitious low quality mortar. The construction process and material selection replicate the one of the reference experimental campaign (Morandi et al., 2025).

1. In-plane cyclic tests

The tests have been conducted with incremental drifts. Each cycle has been repeated 6 times (6 cycles).

Instrumentation

The instruments used are:

• Accelerometers;

• Displacement transducers (potetiometers / Linear transducers)

2. Out-of-plane tests

The tests have been conducted at incremental PFA with the same accelerogram applied.

Instrumentation

The instruments used are:

• Accelerometers;

• Displacement transducers (potetiometers / Linear transducers)

• Optical acquisition system with infrared cameras was added to measure the displacements of markers positioned both on the panel and on the frame.

3. ENFRAG-SP3

2

The infilled frames was constructed at full scale and has a net masonry panel dimension of 3.50 m in length and 2.75 m in height. The infill pane is plastered on one side with a thickness of approximately 10 mm and has been constructed in complete adherence (four boundary conditions) respect to the frame. The materials selected and the construction details adopted for the building of the specimen aims to represent an the existing construction during the period from the 1960s to the 1980s: masonry units are "12x25x25” hollowed clay (nominal thickness of 12 cm), with 3 rows of holes across the width and 5 rows of holes along the height, resulting in a perforation percentage of approximately 65% and a cementitious low quality mortar. The construction process and material selection replicate the one of the reference experimental campaign (Morandi et al., 2025).