Seismic and energy Assessment of the perFormancE of 3D PRINTED Concrete Structures

ERIES: SAFE 3D PRINTED-CS

Dataset Description

Dataset Overview

This dataset contains the results of a large-scale experimental campaign investigating the seismic behavior of a single-storey 3D-printed concrete building. The experiments were conducted at the UKCRIC Soil–Foundation–Structure Interaction (SoFSI) Laboratory at the University of Bristol as part of the ERIES (Engineering Research Infrastructures for European Synergies, 2022–2026) programme, funded by the European Union's Horizon Europe Framework Program (Grant Agreement No. 101058684).

The ERIES SAFE 3D PRINTED-CS project was conceived to provide an empirical assessment of the seismic performance of a commonly adopted 3D-printing technology for residential construction. The investigated structural system consists of double-leaf 3D-printed concrete walls separated by a cavity, with the two leaves interconnected by steel ties regularly distributed along the perimeter and height of the building.

Research Objectives

The experimental program was designed to address several key research challenges, including:

• Evaluation of the seismic capacity of 3D-printed concrete buildings;

• Identification and characterization of their dynamic behavior;

• Investigation of the governing damage mechanisms and failure modes.

Experimental Facility

The tests were performed on a large-scale physical model mounted on the SoFSI shaking table. The SoFSI facility is a biaxial earthquake simulator with a payload capacity of 50 tonnes, three planar degrees of freedom, a maximum acceleration of 2 g, and a maximum displacement of ±150 mm. The 6 m × 4 m shaking table is capable of reproducing seismic motions up to 50 Hz and satisfies the performance requirements of the BELLCORE testing standards.

Seismic Input Records

Two earthquake records were employed during the testing campaign:

• Cephalonia (Greece) earthquake record : recorded on 26 January 2014 (Mw 6.1 strike-slip event) at the ARG2 station in Argostoli, Greece. The station is located on stiff soil conditions, approximately 13 km from the epicentre. The recorded peak ground acceleration (PGA) is 0.35 g.

• IEEE693 High Performance Level (HP) record : a standardized broadband, non-stationary seismic input specified in IEEE693 for the seismic qualification of substations and electrical equipment.

Dataset Scope and Units

Version 1.0 of the dataset focuses on the initial biaxial white-noise tests and the lowest seismic intensity level applied for both earthquake records.

All data are provided using the following engineering units:

• Time: seconds (s)

• Displacement: millimeters (mm)

• Acceleration: g

Supplementary Documentation

The dataset is accompanied by three additional documents:

• SENSOR_LAYOUT.pdf, providing details of the instrumentation layout, sensor types, locations, and channel naming conventions;

• INFRARED_MARKER_LAYOUT.pdf — details of the infrared marker placement on the specimen, marker labels, and the naming convention ( R<row>_C<col>), including the reference marker R01_C01 used as the coordinate origin;

• SAFE3D_GEOMETRY.pdf — key geometric information for the building and the associated steel components used in the experimental setup.

Dataset Contents

Version 1.0 comprises the five tests listed below. Each test comprises a sensor CSV, a vision tracking CSV, a machine-readable variable-dictionary CSV that maps every sensor column to its sensor type, unit, and location, and a README file containing the complete test and provenance metadata. Input peak accelerations are the recorded base motions applied to the shaking table.

• Biaxial_White_Noise

Test ID: S013-008 | Base motion: White noise | Axis: Biaxial Input PGA: 0.5 m/s²

• EQ_X_10_Percent_Amplitude

Test ID: S013-010 | Base motion: ARG2_N1355 (Cephalonia) – 10% | Axis: X Input PGA: 0.348 m/s²

• EQ_Y_10_Percent_Amplitude

Test ID: S013-012 | Base motion: ARG2_N1355 (Cephalonia) – 10% | Axis: Y Input PGA: 0.348 m/s²

• IEEE693_X_10_Percent_Amplitude

Test ID: S013-047 | Base motion: IEEE693 (HP) – 10% | Axis: X Input PGA: 1.251 m/s²

• IEEE693_Y_10_Percent_Amplitude

Test ID: S013-049 | Base motion: IEEE693 (HP) – 10% | Axis: Y Input PGA: 1.251 m/s²

Data Acquisition Parameters

Sensor data

All sensor channels were sampled synchronously at 1000 Hz (sampling period 0.001 s) on the SoFSI data-acquisition system. Each test is provided as a CSV file of 30 columns — a common time base together with 29 measured channels (23 accelerometers reported in g and 6 displacement transducers reported in mm). Record lengths range from approximately 37,000 to 70,000 samples (about 37–70 s). Each source MATLAB file follows the naming convention S013-XXX_1000Hz.MAT.

Vision tracking data

Structural displacements were additionally measured with a Qualisys optical motion-capture system tracking 102 markers arranged over the specimen, acquired independently at 200 Hz (sampling period 0.005 s). Markers are labeled by their row and column position (R<row>_C<col>); the full marker map is given in INFRARED_MARKER_LAYOUT.pdf. Each test is provided as a CSV file of 307 columns, a time base together with the X, Y and Z coordinates of each marker, expressed in mm relative to marker R01_C01, which defines the (0,0,0) origin. Each vision tracking CSV begins with a short metadata header (test name, marker count, sampling frequency, units). The source Qualisys MATLAB exports follow the naming convention S013_XXX_*.mat.

All data were processed and exported to CSV with the Study_specific_test_v5 script.

Instrumentation and Variable Dictionary

The instrumentation is identical across all tests in this release. The full channel map is reproduced below; the complete physical layout is given in SENSOR_LAYOUT.pdf. Accelerometers are reported in g and displacement transducers in mm. Sensors's details, units, locations are given in *_variables.csv files.

Provenance and Access

Main project: ERIES – Engineering Research Infrastructures for European Synergies (2022–2026)

Generated by: SAFE 3D PRINTED-CS

Funding agency: European Union – Horizon Europe Framework Programme

Grant Agreement No.: 101058684

Attributed to / Publisher: University of Bristol

Creators: Raffaele De Risi; Tansu Gokce

Contributor: University of Bristol

Processing script: Study_specific_test_v5

Source data:

• Sensor data: MATLAB (.MAT) files (S013-XXX_1000Hz.MAT) acquired at 1000 Hz.

• Vision tracking: MATLAB (.MAT) files (S013_XXX_*.mat) acquired at 200 Hz.

Both exported to CSV with the Study_specific_test_v5 script

Keywords and Semantic Identifiers

The dataset is indexed against the following keywords, with persistent identifiers given as Wikidata URIs where an exact concept exists. “Seismic Performance Assessment” is retained as a descriptive keyword; it has no single dedicated Wikidata concept (the nearest items are earthquake engineering and seismic analysis).

Keyword

Concrete 3D Printing https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112610417

Additive Manufacturing in Construction https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367

Concrete https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22657

Earthquake Engineering https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909789

Structural Dynamics https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811197

Shake Table Testing https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5327279

Failure Mechanisms https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309431

Motion Capture https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252

Seismic Performance Assessment