2025 - 2025
Alessandro Mariotti
Maria Salvetti
Gianmarco Lunghi
Mario Morello
2025 - 2025
Time-Frequency and Coherence Analyses of the flow over rectangular bluff bodies in downburst-like experimental impinging jets
ERIES-TFCA
Dataset Description
This research investigates fundamental flow around rectangular bluff bodies in atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), downburst (DB), and DB and ABL combined flows. The study focuses on three types of bluff bodies: a horizontally-extruded rectangular cylinder (like the internation benchmark model, BARC), a high-rise rectangular prism (like the CAARC standard tall building), and a low-rise rectangular prism (with similar cross-section dimensions to the CAARC standard). These body types can be regarded as fundamental models for studying structures such as long span bridges and buildings of varying heights. The project involves pressure measurements and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) of the flow around and in the near wake of these bluff bodies. The expected outcome is an improved capability in the prediction of the wind loads associated with downburst-like flows.
Specimens
1. Vertical Profile Rack (S1)
3
ABL, downburst-like, and the combination of downburst-like and ABL wind simulations were measured in a near-empty chamber. A rake of cobra probes. The height of the tallest model equals 90 cm. Thus, wind profiles will be measured using eight cobra probes mounted on a vertical stand at heights of 5 cm, 10cm, 15cm, 22.5cm, 30cm, 45cm, 70 cm, and 90 cm above the test chamber floor.
1. Downburst-like Wind Profiling (E1)
An impinging-jet style downburst is generated at the WindEEE dome through the release of pressure from a plenum above the testing chamber. 3-D point measurements were taken to characterize the velocity profiles for downbursts. For the downburst simulations, two parameters were varied: the strength of the impinging jet flow and the position of the bell mouth (r_jet) in the WindEEE dome.
The vertical rack was positioned at a radial distance from the center of the turntable, r_jm = 320 cm, and with model angular position, φ = 180 degrees. The bell mouth position r_jet = -192, -128, -64, 0, and 64 cm from the centre of the turntable. These positions achieved r/D ratios of 1.6, 1.4, 1.2, 1, and 0.8. These measurements aim to provide detailed characteristics of the wind profile as it develops radially.
Instrumentation
The instantaneous wind velocities of the uniform smooth flows were captured utilizing nine synchronized, TFI cobra probes. Eight of the probes were installed on the vertical rack at the described heights. The ninth probe was used to measure the reference velocity at a height of 10 cm and offset 50 cm from the measurement location. The cobra devices capture u-, v-, and w- components along with reference pressure in separate channels on the TFI data acquisition system.
2. Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) Flow Profiling (E2)
The 60-fan wall located on one side of the hexagonal shaped WindEEE test chamber was used to generate the various ABL flows for this experiment. During the experiment, 3-D point measurements were taken to characterize the velocity profiles for numerous uniform smooth flow wind speeds.
The vertical rack was positioned at a radial distance from the center of the turntable, r_jm = 320 cm, and with model angular position, φ = 180 degrees.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S1.E1.
3. Combination Downburst-like and ABL Wind Profiling (E3)
In combination with the described downburst simulation in ‘S1. E2.’, these impinging-jets can be run simultaneously with the 60-fan wall (described in ‘S1. E1’) to achieve ABL and downburst-like flow combinations. During this experiment, 3-D point measurements were taken to characterize the velocity profile for a downburst with ABL wind.
The vertical rack was positioned at a radial distance from the center of the turntable (rm) at 320 cm and with φ=180. The bell mouth position r_jet = 0 cm from the centre of the turntable.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S1.E1.
2. BARC Pressure Model (S2)
3
A horizontally extruded rectangular cylinder of W x 5W x 20W, W = 300 mm, and equipped with endplates. 32 pressure taps are distributed along 9 pressure rings equally spaced along the horizontal direction. This body type can be regarded as a fundamental model for studying long span bridges.
1. Downburst-like Wind (E1)
This experiment involves testing the static BARC pressure model under various simulated downburst flow profiles and strengths. The model was positioned 320 cm downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°). In addition, the radial position of the impinging jet (r_jet) was varied relative to the model to achieve r/D = 0.8, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6, only the downburst strength was varied for these positions, the angle of attack of the model stayed constant, alpha = 0°.
Instrumentation
The 283 pressure taps are connected to PSI pressure scanners using clear PV tubes. Digital differential pressure values were acquired using PSI’s DAQ system at a sampling rate of 500 Hz. The measured surface pressures were referenced relative to a pressure port inside a static reference box located in the lower chamber. Additional pressure measurements were made for referencing, including the test chamber wall, upper plenum wall, and the total and static pressure of a pitot tube located at a height of 25 cm. Reference velocity measurements were captured using one ‘Straight’ TFI Cobra Probe, located at a height of 30 cm. This measurement can be compared to the probe at the same height in S1. Vertical Profile Rack.
2. Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) Flow (E2)
This test involved the BARC pressure model subjected to ABL flow at a wind speed of approximately 10 m/s. The model was positioned 320 cm downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°).
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S2.E1.
3. Combination Downburst-like and ABL Wind (E3)
This test involved the BARC pressure model subjected to various downburst simulations involving combinations of impinging jet outflows and an ABL head wind of approximately 4-5m/s, generated from the 60-fan wall. The model was positioned 320 cm (r_jm/D = 1.0) radially from the center of the turntable at angles of φ = 180°.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S2.E1.
3. 1-400 Scale High-Rise (CAARC) Pressure Model (S3)
3
A High-rise rectangular prism has dimensions, 2L x 3L x 12L where the model height 12L = 450 mm representing the CAARC building at a length scale of 1:400. 32 pressure taps are distributed along 9 pressure rings arranged along the vertical direction. Additionally, 25 pressure taps are placed on the top face of the prism. This body type can be regarded as a fundamental model for studying tall buildings.
1. Downburst-like Wind (E1)
This experiment involves testing the 1-400 Scale High-Rise Building (CAARC) standard pressure model under various simulated downburst flow profiles and strengths. The model was positioned 320 cm downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°). In addition, the radial position of the impinging jet (r_jet) was varied relative to the model to achieve r_jm/D = 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6, only the downburst strength was varied for these positions. The model was tested with relative angles of 0, 30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees depending on the r_jm/D position.
Instrumentation
The 345 pressure taps are connected to PSI pressure scanners using clear PV tubes. Digital differential pressure values were acquired using PSI’s DAQ system at a sampling rate of 500 Hz. The measured surface pressures were referenced relative to a pressure port inside a static reference box located in the lower chamber. Additional pressure measurements were made for referencing, including the test chamber wall, upper plenum wall, and the total and static pressure of three pitot tubes located at coordinate positions pitot1 = [0, 50, 11.5] cm, pitot2 = [0, 50, 45] cm, and pitot3 = [0, 0, 90] cm, relative to the model’s [X, Y] coordinates. Reference velocity measurements were captured using one ‘J-probe’ TFI Cobra Probe, located at a coordinate position cobra = [0, 50, 10] cm, relative to the model’s [X, Y] coordinates. This measurement can be compared to the probe at the same location as S1. Vertical Profile Rack.
2. Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) Flow (E2)
This test involved the 1-400 Scale High-Rise Building (CAARC) standard pressure model subjected to ABL flow at a wind speed of approximately 10 m/s. The model was positioned 320 cm downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°). In addition, the model was tested with relative angles of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 degrees.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S3.E1.
3. Combination Downburst-like and ABL Wind (E3)
This experiment involves testing the 1-400 Scale High-Rise Building (CAARC) standard pressure model subjected to various downburst simulations involving combinations of impinging jet outflows and an ABL head wind of approximately 4-5m/s, generated from the 60-fan wall. The model was positioned 320 cm (r_jm/D = 1.0) radially from the center of the turntable at angles of φ = 180°. In addition, the model was tested with relative angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S3.E1.
4. 1-400 Low-Rise Building (LRB) Pressure Model (S4)
3
This specimen represented a 1:400 Low-Rise Building (LRB). A low-rise rectangular prism model is a vertically extruded prism with dimensions 2L x 3L x 2L, where the model height 2L = 112.5 mm. 32 pressure taps are distributed along 5 pressure rings along the vertical direction. Additionally, 25 pressure taps are placed on the top face of the prism. This body type can be regarded as a fundamental model for studying low-rise buildings.
1. Downburst-like Wind (E1)
This experiment involves testing the 1-400 Scale Low-Rise Building pressure model under various simulated downburst flow profiles and strengths. The model was positioned 320 cm downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°). In addition, the radial position of the impinging jet (r_jet) was varied relative to the model to achieve r_jm/D = 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6, only the downburst strength was varied for these positions. The model was tested with relative angles of 0, 30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees depending on the r_jm/D position.
Instrumentation
The 185 pressure taps are connected to PSI pressure scanners using clear PV tubes. Digital differential pressure values were acquired using PSI’s DAQ system at a sampling rate of 500 Hz. The measured surface pressures were referenced relative to a pressure port inside a static reference box located in the lower chamber. Additional pressure measurements were made for referencing, including the test chamber wall, upper plenum wall, and the total and static pressure of three pitot tubes located at coordinate positions pitot1 = [0, 50, 11.5] cm, pitot2 = [0, 50, 45] cm, and pitot3 = [0, 0, 90] cm, relative to the model’s [X, Y] coordinates. Reference velocity measurements were captured using one ‘J-probe’ TFI Cobra Probe, located at a coordinate position cobra = [0, 50, 10] cm, relative to the model’s [X, Y] coordinates. This measurement can be compared to the probe at the same location as S1. Vertical Profile Rack.
2. Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) Flow (E2)
This test involved the 1-400 Scale Low-Rise Building pressure model subjected to ABL flow at a wind speed of approximately 10 m/s. The model was positioned 320 cm downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°). In addition, the model was tested with relative angles of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 degrees.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S4.E1.
3. Combination Downburst-like and ABL Wind (E3)
This experiment involves testing the 1-400 Scale Low-Rise Building pressure model subjected to various downburst simulations involving combinations of impinging jet outflows and an ABL head wind of approximately 4-5m/s, generated from the 60-fan wall. The model was positioned 320 cm (r_jm/D = 1.0) radially from the center of the turntable at angles of φ = 180°. In addition, the model was tested with relative angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S4.E1.
5. 1-200 Scale High-Rise (CAARC) Pressure Model (S5)
3
This specimen is like specimen S3 but with a model height of 12L = 900mm representing the CAARC building at the scale of 1:200.
1. Downburst-like Wind (E1)
This experiment involves testing the 1-200 Scale High-Rise Building (CAARC) standard pressure model under various simulated downburst flow profiles and strengths. The model was positioned 320 cm downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°). In addition, the radial position of the impinging jet (r_jet) was varied relative to the model to achieve r_jm/D = 1.0, and 1.2, only the downburst strength was varied for these positions. The model was tested with relative angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees depending on the r_jm/D position.
Instrumentation
The 345 pressure taps are connected to PSI pressure scanners using clear PV tubes. Digital differential pressure values were acquired using PSI’s DAQ system at a sampling rate of 500 Hz. The measured surface pressures were referenced relative to a pressure port inside a static reference box located in the lower chamber. Additional pressure measurements were made for referencing, including the test chamber wall, and upper plenum wall. Reference velocity measurements were captured using one ‘J-probe’ TFI Cobra Probe, located at a coordinate position cobra = [0, 50, 10] cm, relative to the model’s [X, Y] coordinates. This measurement can be compared to the probe at the same location as S1. Vertical Profile Rack.
2. Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) Flow (E2)
This test involved the 1-200 Scale High-Rise Building (CAARC) standard pressure model subjected to ABL flow at a wind speed of approximately 10 m/s. The model was positioned 320 cm downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°). In addition, the model was tested with relative angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S5.E1.
3. Combination Downburst-like and ABL Wind (E3)
This experiment involves testing the 1-200 Scale High-Rise Building (CAARC) standard pressure model subjected to various downburst simulations involving combinations of impinging jet outflows and an ABL head wind of approximately 4-5m/s, generated from the 60-fan wall. The model was positioned 320 cm (r_jm/D = 1.0) radially from the center of the turntable at angles of φ = 180°. In addition, the model was tested with relative angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S5.E1.
6. 1-200 Scale Low-Rise Building (LRB) Pressure Model (S6)
3
This specimen is like specimen S4 but with a model height of 2L = 225mm representing a low-rise building at the scale of 1:200.
1. Downburst-like Wind (E1)
This experiment involves testing the 1-200 Scale Low-Rise Building pressure model under various simulated downburst flow profiles and strengths. The model was positioned 320 cm downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°). In addition, the radial position of the impinging jet (r_jet) was varied relative to the model to achieve r_jm/D = 1.0, and 1.2, only the downburst strength was varied for these positions. The model was tested with relative angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees depending on the r_jm/D position.
Instrumentation
The 345 pressure taps are connected to PSI pressure scanners using clear PV tubes. Digital differential pressure values were acquired using PSI’s DAQ system at a sampling rate of 500 Hz. The measured surface pressures were referenced relative to a pressure port inside a static reference box located in the lower chamber. Additional pressure measurements were made for referencing, including the test chamber wall, and upper plenum wall. Reference velocity measurements were captured using one ‘J-probe’ TFI Cobra Probe, located at a coordinate position cobra = [0, 50, 10] cm, relative to the model’s [X, Y] coordinates. This measurement can be compared to the probe at the same location as S1. Vertical Profile Rack.
2. Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) Flow (E2)
This test involved the 1-200 Scale Low-Rise Building pressure model subjected to ABL flow at a wind speed of approximately 10 m/s. The model was positioned 320 cm downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°). In addition, the model was tested with relative angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S6.E1.
3. Combination Downburst-like and ABL Wind (E3)
This experiment involves testing the 1-200 Scale Low-Rise Building standard pressure model subjected to various downburst simulations involving combinations of impinging jet outflows and an ABL head wind of approximately 4-5m/s, generated from the 60-fan wall. The model was positioned 320 cm (r_jm/D = 1.0) radially from the center of the turntable at angles of φ = 180°. In addition, the model was tested with relative angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S6.E1.
7. PIV Profile development (S7)
3
This specimen is supplementary to specimen 1. While specimen 1 captures point measurements in a vertical plane utilizing TFI cobra probes, this specimen captures flow field measurements utilizing the PIV system. A high-frequency laser was focused and split through a cylindrical lens into a thin laser sheet, fog machines were used to seed the entire test chamber with long lasting fog fluid, and finally synchronized high-resolution cameras (flares) were used to capture laser light refraction. Flares send image data to the DVR Express Cores during test measurements.
1. Downburst-like Wind (E1)
This experiment involves capturing various simulated downburst flow fields in a vertical plane. Depending on the instrumentation setup, the field coverage varies.
Instrumentation
Four flares were each setup to cover an approximate total area of 30 cm by 225 cm, in height and length respectively. Three flares were set up with a 50mm lens to capture areas of approximately 30 cm by 80 cm, in height and length respectively. The overlap between these three flares was approximately 5cm. A single flare was set up with a 105 mm lens to capture an area of approximately 15 cm by 40 cm, in height and length respectively. Each flare uses automatic dual-exposure in high-resolution mode to capture data at a rate of 100Hz during a measurement. Dual exposure images are sequential from image 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, and so forth. The time delay between these exposures is 185 microseconds. Image data is identified by the following flare number schema K01, K02, K03, and K04.
An additional setup was also tested for this specimen. Four flares were each setup to cover an approximate total area of 30 cm by 150 cm, in height and length respectively. Two flares were set up with a 50mm lens to capture areas of approximately 30 cm by 80 cm, in height and length respectively. The overlap between these three flares was approximately 5cm. Two single flares were set up with a 105 mm lens to capture an area of approximately 15 cm by 40 cm, in height and length respectively. The larger area flares captured the broad picture of the flow, while the smaller area flares zoomed in on the flow around the specimen. Each flare uses automatic dual-exposure in high-resolution mode to capture data at a rate of 100Hz during a measurement. Dual exposure images are sequential from image 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, and so forth. The time delay between these exposures is 185 microseconds. Image data is identified by the following flare number schema K01, K02, K03, and K04.
2. Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) Flow (E2)
This experiment involves capturing a single simulated ABL flow field with an approximate wind speed of 10 m/s. Depending on the instrumentation setup, the field coverage varies.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S8.E1.
3. Combination Downburst-like and ABL Wind (E3)
This test involved capturing a vertical flow field for a single downburst simulation involving combinations of impinging jet outflows and an ABL head wind of approximately 4-5m/s, generated from the 60-fan wall.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S8.E1.
8. BARC PIV Model (S8)
3
This specimen is like specimen S2 but with black painted external surfaces and without pressure taps. PIV measurements were taken in a streamwise vertical plane at the model centre. A high-frequency laser was focused and split through a cylindrical lens into a thin laser sheet, fog machines were used to seed the entire test chamber with long lasting fog fluid, and finally synchronized high-resolution cameras (flares) were used to capture laser light refraction. Flares send image data to the DVR Express Cores during test measurements.
1. Downburst-like Wind (E1)
This experiment involves testing the static BARC PIV model under a single simulated downburst flow profile. The model was positioned 320 cm (r_jm/D = 1.0) downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°).
Instrumentation
Four flares were each setup to cover an approximate total area of 30 cm by 225 cm, in height and length respectively. Three flares were set up with a 50mm lens to capture areas of approximately 30 cm by 80 cm, in height and length respectively. The overlap between these three flares was approximately 5cm. A single flare was set up with a 105 mm lens to capture an area of approximately 15 cm by 40 cm, in height and length respectively. Each flare uses automatic dual-exposure in high-resolution mode to capture data at a rate of 100Hz during a measurement. Dual exposure images are sequential from image 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, and so forth. The time delay between these exposures is 185 microseconds. Image data is identified by the following flare number schema K01, K02, K03, and K04.
2. Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) Flow (E2)
This test involved the BARC PIV model subjected to ABL flow at a wind speed of approximately 10 m/s. The model was positioned 320 cm downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°).
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S9.E1.
3. Combination Downburst-like and ABL Wind (E3)
This test involved the BARC PIV model subjected to a downburst simulation involving a combination of impinging jet outflow and an ABL head wind of approximately 4-5m/s, generated from the 60-fan wall. The model was positioned 320 cm (r_jm/D = 1.0) radially from the center of the turntable at angles of φ = 180°.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S9.E1.
9. 1-400 Low-Rise Building (LRB) PIV Model (S9)
3
This specimen is like specimen S4 but with black painted external surfaces and without pressure taps. PIV measurements were taken in a streamwise vertical plane at the model centre. A high-frequency laser was focused and split through a cylindrical lens into a thin laser sheet, fog machines were used to seed the entire test chamber with long lasting fog fluid, and finally synchronized high-resolution cameras (flares) were used to capture laser light refraction. Flares send image data to the DVR Express Cores during test measurements.
1. Downburst-like Wind (E1)
This experiment involves testing the static 1-400 Low-Rise Building PIV model under a single simulated downburst flow profile. The model was positioned 320 cm (r_jm/D = 1.0) downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°).
Instrumentation
Four flares were each setup to cover an approximate total area of 30 cm by 225 cm, in height and length respectively. Three flares were set up with a 50mm lens to capture areas of approximately 30 cm by 80 cm, in height and length respectively. The overlap between these three flares was approximately 5cm. A single flare was set up with a 105 mm lens to capture an area of approximately 15 cm by 40 cm, in height and length respectively. Each flare uses automatic dual-exposure in high-resolution mode to capture data at a rate of 100Hz during a measurement. Dual exposure images are sequential from image 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, and so forth. The time delay between these exposures is 185 microseconds. Image data is identified by the following flare number schema K01, K02, K03, and K04.
2. Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) Flow (E2)
This test involved the 1-400 CAARC Low-Rise Building PIV model subjected to ABL flow at a wind speed of approximately 10 m/s. The model was positioned 320 cm downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°).
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S10.E1.
3. Combination Downburst-like and ABL Wind (E3)
This test involved the 1-400 CAARC Low-Rise Building PIV model subjected to a single downburst simulation involving combinations of impinging jet outflows and an ABL head wind of approximately 4-5m/s, generated from the 60-fan wall. The model was positioned 320 cm (r_jm/D = 1.0) radially from the center of the turntable at angles of φ = 180°.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S10.E1.
10. 1-200 Low-Rise Building (LRB) PIV Model (S10)
3
This specimen is like specimen S6 but with black painted external surfaces and without pressure taps. PIV measurements were taken in a streamwise vertical plane at the model centre. A high-frequency laser was focused and split through a cylindrical lens into a thin laser sheet, fog machines were used to seed the entire test chamber with long lasting fog fluid, and finally synchronized high-resolution cameras (flares) were used to capture laser light refraction. Flares send image data to the DVR Express Cores during test measurements.
1. Downburst-like Wind (E1)
This experiment involves testing the static 1-200 Low-Rise Building PIV model under various simulated downburst flow profiles. The model was positioned 320 cm (r_jm/D = 1.0) downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°).
Instrumentation
Four flares were each setup to cover an approximate total area of 30 cm by 225 cm, in height and length respectively. Three flares were set up with a 50mm lens to capture areas of approximately 30 cm by 80 cm, in height and length respectively. The overlap between these three flares was approximately 5cm. A single flare was set up with a 105 mm lens to capture an area of approximately 15 cm by 40 cm, in height and length respectively. Each flare uses automatic dual-exposure in high-resolution mode to capture data at a rate of 100Hz during a measurement. Dual exposure images are sequential from image 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, and so forth. The time delay between these exposures is 185 microseconds. Image data is identified by the following flare number schema K01, K02, K03, and K04.
An additional setup was also tested for this specimen. Four flares were each setup to cover an approximate total area of 30 cm by 150 cm, in height and length respectively. Two flares were set up with a 50mm lens to capture areas of approximately 30 cm by 80 cm, in height and length respectively. The overlap between these three flares was approximately 5cm. Two single flares were set up with a 105 mm lens to capture an area of approximately 15 cm by 40 cm, in height and length respectively. The larger area flares captured the broad picture of the flow, while the smaller area flares zoomed in on the flow around the specimen. Each flare uses automatic dual-exposure in high-resolution mode to capture data at a rate of 100Hz during a measurement. Dual exposure images are sequential from image 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, and so forth. The time delay between these exposures is 185 microseconds. Image data is identified by the following flare number schema K01, K02, K03, and K04.
2. Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) Flow (E2)
This test involved the 1-200 Low-Rise Building PIV model subjected to ABL flow at a wind speed of approximately 10 m/s. The model was positioned 320 cm downwind from the center of the turntable facing the 60-fan wall (r_jm = 3.2 m, φ = 180°).
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S11.E1.
3. Combination Downburst-like and ABL Wind (E3)
This test involved the 1-200 Low-Rise Building PIV model subjected to a single downburst simulation involving combinations of impinging jet outflows and an ABL head wind of approximately 4-5m/s, generated from the 60-fan wall. The model was positioned 320 cm (r_jm/D = 1.0) radially from the center of the turntable at angles of φ = 180°.
Instrumentation
Similar instrumentation was used as described in S11.E1.
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