Velocity time-histories were recorded in the empty test chamber at different spatial locations using the traversing system. The measurement positions were distributed across 6 different sections along the x-axis of the test chamber (streamwise direction). Within each section, measurements were acquired on a grid consisting of 4 columns along the y-axis (lateral direction) and 3 rows along the z-axis (vertical direction).

Velocity time-histories were recorded using the traversing system under turbulent flow conditions generated by Grid 1. Grid 1 is composed of square-section bars with a side length of 15mm, forming a mesh with square openings of 140mm. In this configuration, measurements were performed along three streamwise sections within the test chamber (aligned with the flow direction).

Taking the centre of the model as the reference position (x=0) in the along-wind direction, including in configurations where the model was absent, measurements were performed at x=-500 mm (upwind of x=0), x=0 mm and x= 500 mm (downwind of x=0). The grid was positioned 2000 mm upstream of the model, i.e. at x=-2000 mm. Similarly, measurements were taken at heights z= -250 mm, z=0 mm and z= 250 mm, with the reference height (z=0) taken as the mid-height position. Positive height is upward in the vertical direction.

Velocity time-histories were recorded using the traversing system under turbulent flow conditions generated by Grid 2. The grid is composed of rectangular-section bars with a width of 40mm (in the plane of the grid) and a depth of 15mm, forming a mesh with square openings of 110mm. As in the previous configurations, measurements were performed along three streamwise sections within the test chamber.

The measuments were taken at the same positions as for Grid 1 setup.

In this configuration, turbulence was generated using a cylindrical rod with a diameter of 5mm, placed transversally across the test chamber at a height of 650mm from the floor of the chamber (mid-height position). Velocity time-histories were recorded at different locations within the chamber using the traversing system. These locations were distributed over 7 different streamwise sections along the x-axis of the chamber (aligned with the flow direction). In each section, data were recording on a grid consisting of 4 columns in the lateral (y) direction and 5 rows in the vertical (z) direction.

The measurements were take at the following positions downwind the rod: 60 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 250 mm, 375 mm, 500 mm and 750 mm. In the vertical directions the positions for the measurements were: -40 mm, -20 mm, 0 mm, 20 mm and 40 mm, taking as reference (z=0) the mid-height position, coincident with the axis of the rod.

In this configuration, the rod described in Section 1.4 was combined with Grid 1 described in Section 1.2. The grid was positioned 1.5m upwind of the rod. Velocity time-histories were recorded at different locations within the chamber using the traversing system.

The measurements were take at the following positions downwind the rod: 60 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 250 mm, 375 mm, 500 mm and 625 mm. In the vertical directions the positions for the measurements were: -40 mm, -20 mm, 0 mm, 20 mm and 40 mm, taking as reference (z=0) the mid-height position, coincident with the axis of the rod.

In this configuration, the rod described in Section 1.4 was combined with Grid 2 described in Section 1.3. The grid was located 1.5m upstream of the rod. Velocity time-histories were recorded at different locations within the chamber using the traversing system. The same measurement grid as in Section 1.5 was adopted.

This set of experiments was performed in order to investigate the heave oscillation response of the model under smooth incoming flow conditions. The system has a vertical natural frequency of 9.6Hz. The heave response was measured for different levels of damping ratio, which corresponded to Scruton numbers of 32, 55 and 75. The Scruton number was calculated as Sc=(4πMξ)/(ρHBL), where M is the total mass of the model, ξ is the mechanical damping ratio, ρ is the air density, and H, B and L are the height, width and length of the model, respectively. The model was tested at an angle of attack of 0º.

Time-histories of vertical displacement, pressures and wind velocity were recorded throughout the experiments.

The same experimental procedure described in Section 2.1 was applied, with the addition of the Grid 1 detailed in Section 1.2. The grid was positioned 2m upwind of the windward face of the model to modify the incoming flow conditions. Only tests corresponding to a Scruton number of Sc=32 were conducted under this configuration.

Time-histories of vertical displacement, surface pressures, and wind velocity were recorded throughout the experiments.

In this configuration, the model was tested at a Scruton number of Sc=32, with Grid 2 described in Section 1.3 installed at two different positions, namely 2.0m and 2.5m upwind of the windward face of the model.

Time-histories of vertical displacement, surface pressures and wind velocity were recorded throughout the experiments.

These tests involve the measurement of time-histories of force coefficients (drag, lift and moment) and pressures on the model under smooth flow conditions for different angles of attack (AoA). Positive AoAs correspond to nose-up rotations. The investigated angles of attack were the following: 0º, ±1º, ±2.5º, 4º, 6º, 8º, 10º, 12º, 15º, 20º, 25º, 30º, 45º, 60º, 70º, 80º and 90º, resulting in a total of 19 different AoAs.

The tests were conducted at a flow speed of 13.2 m/s.

The same experimental procedure described in Section 2.4 was repeated with the addition of Grid 1 (Section 1.2), positioned 2 m upwind of the windward face of the model to modify the incoming flow conditions.

The wind speeds during these test was 13.2 m/s.

The same experimental procedure described in Section 2.4 was repeated with the inclusion of Grid 2 (Section 1.3), positioned 2 m upwind of the windward face of the model in order to modify the incoming flow conditions.

The wind speeds during these test was 13.6 m/s.

This tests were conducted to characterize the wake flow field of the model in smooth flow conditions at 0º AoA. Measurements were performed on a vertical plane located at the model mid-span, at a free-stream wind velocity of 6.7 m/s.

The same tests as described in Section 2.7 were performed, with the addition of Grid 2 detailed in Section 1.3, which is positioned 2m upwind of the windward face of the model.

The wind speeds during these test was approximately 5 m/s.

Measurements of the wind field in the wake of the model were carried out under smooth flow conditions on a plane located at mid-span of the model.

Two different wind speeds were considered to investigate the heave response of the model at 0º angle of attack and Sc=32: 5.1 m/s and 6.7 m/s.

The heave response of the model was investigated under small-scale turbulence conditions, with the rod in Position 1, corresponding to a streamwise distance of 40 diameters upwind of the windward face of the model. Experiments were carried out for Sc=32, 55, and 75, with the model at 0º AoA.

Time-histories of vertical displacement, pressures, and flow velocities were recorded.

The same tests as described in Section 3.1 were performed, with the rod in Position 2, corresponding to a streamwise distance of 80 diameters upwind of the windward face of the model.

The angle of attack and the Scruton numbers considered in these tests are the same as in the previous case (Rod in Position 1).

The model is tested under small-scale turbulence by placing the Rod in Position 1, i.e., at a streamwise distance of 40 diameters upwind of the windward face of the model. Force coefficients and pressure time-histories are recorded for 19 different angles of attack: 0º, ±1º, ±2.5º, 4º, 6º, 8º, 10º, 12º, 15º, 20º, 25º, 30º, 45º, 60º, 70º, 80º and 90º.

The tests were conducted a a wind speed of 13.2 m/s.

The same experiments as described in Section 3.3 were performed, with the Rod in Position 2, i.e., at a streamwise distance of 80 diameters upwind of the windward face of the model.

The incoming wind speed was 13.2 m/s

The wake flow field of the model under static conditions was measured for small-scale turbulence conditions on a plane located at the model mid-span. The rod is located in Position 1, i.e. 40 diameters upwind of the windward face of the model. Measurements were performed with the model at 0º AoA.

The wind speed adopted for these tests was 6.7 m/s.

The wake flow field of the freely oscillating model under dynamic conditions was measured for small-scale turbulence conditions on a plane located at the model mid-span. The rod is located in Position 1, i.e. 40 diameters upwind of the windward face of the model. Measurements were performed with the model at 0º AoA and at two different wind speeds (5.1 m/s and 6.7 m/s).